Introduction
Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain is broadly referred to as facial pain. The pain may be dull, throbbing or intense, stabbing discomfort on one or both sides of the face or forehead.
Facial pain, often described as burning aching or cramping, pinching and pulling can also occur on one side of the face, often in the region of the trigeminal nerve and can extend into the upper neck or back pf the scalp.
Facial pain is a constant symptom for patients of Atypical Facial Pain (ATFP), which is a syndrome encompassing a wider group of facial pain problems.
Causes of Facial Pain
Common causes of facial pain include infection and conditions that affect the skin of the face and other diseases. Here we list the main factors, which can lead to facial pain:
1) Infections
• Bacterial infections, such as impetigo, cellulites
• Viral infections, such as shingles
• Infection in salivary gland
• Lyme disease
2) Skin Conditions
• Rosacea, causing redness on cheeks, nose, chin or forehead.
• Acne, mostly in teenagers and young adults
• Seborrheic dermatitis, causing, red itchy patches around eyebrows, nose and mouth
3) Miscellaneous
• Sinusitis
• Injury to the face
• Dental problems
• Teporomandibular joint problem (TMJ)
• Migraines or cluster headaches
• Trigeminal Neuralgia
• Bell’s palsy
• Multiple sclerosis
• Myasthenia gravis
• Abscessed tooth
• Herpes Zoster